
Overview of AQA A-level Physics qualifications
Subject content:
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1. Measurements and their errors
Syllabus component | Content |
---|---|
1.1. Use of SI units and their prefixes | • Fundamental (base) units: mass, length, time, amount of substance, temperature, electric current, and their SI units • Derived SI units • SI prefixes, values, and standard form |
1.2. Limitation of physical measurements | • Random and systematic errors • Concepts of precision, repeatability, reproducibility, resolution, and accuracy • Types of uncertainty: absolute, fractional, and percentage • Methods to represent uncertainty in the final answer for a quantity • Combining absolute and percentage uncertainties • Representing uncertainty in data points on a graph using error bars • Determining uncertainties in the gradient and intercept of a straight-line graph |
1.3. Estimation of physical quantities | • Orders of magnitude • Estimation of approximate values of physical quantities |
2. Particles and radiation
Syllabus component | Content |
---|---|
2.1. Particles | • Constituents of the atom • Stable and unstable nuclei • Particles, antiparticles and photons • Particle interactions • Classification of particles • Quarks and antiquarks • Applications of conservation laws |
2.2. Electromagnetic radiation and quantum phenomena | • The photoelectric effect • Collisions of electrons with atoms • Energy levels and photon emission • Wave-particle duality |
3. Waves
Syllabus component | Content |
---|---|
3.1. Progressive and stationary waves | • Progressive waves • Longitudinal and transverse waves • Principle of superposition of waves and formation of stationary waves |
3.2. Refraction, diffraction and interference | • Interference • Diffraction • Refraction at a plane surface |
4. Mechanics and materials
Syllabus component | Content |
---|---|
4.1. Force, energy and momentum | • Scalars and vectors • Moments • Motion along a straight line • Projectile motion • Newton’s laws of motion • Momentum • Work, energy and power • Conservation of energy |
4.2. Materials | • Bulk properties of solids • The Young modulus |
5. Electricity
Syllabus component | Content |
---|---|
5.1. Current electricity | • Basics of electricity • Current–voltage characteristics • Resistivity • Circuits • Potential divider • Electromotive force and internal resistance |
6. Further mechanics and thermal physics
Syllabus component | Content |
---|---|
6.1. Periodic motion | • Circular motion • Simple harmonic motion (SHM) • Simple harmonic systems • Forced vibrations and resonance |
6.2. Thermal physics | • Thermal energy transfer • Ideal gases • Molecular kinetic theory model |
7. Fields and their consequences
Syllabus component | Content |
---|---|
7.1. Fields | • Force field • Similarities and differences between gravitational and electrostatic forces |
7.2. Gravitational fields | • Newton’s law • Gravitational field strength • Gravitational potential • Orbits of planets and satellites |
7.3. Electric fields | • Coulomb’s law • Electric field strength • Electric potential |
7.4. Capacitance | • Definition of capacitance • Parallel plate capacitor • Energy stored by a capacitor • Capacitor charge and discharge |
7.5. Magnetic fields | • Magnetic flux density • Moving charges in a magnetic field • Magnetic flux and flux linkage • Electromagnetic induction • Alternating currents • The operation of a transformer |
8. Nuclear physics
Syllabus component | Content |
---|---|
8.1. Radioactivity | • Rutherford scattering • α, β and γ radiation • Radioactive decay • Nuclear instability • Nuclear radius • Mass and energy • Induced fission • Safety aspects |
9. Astrophysics
Syllabus component | Content |
---|---|
9.1. Telescopes | • Astronomical telescope consisting of two converging lenses • Reflecting telescopes • Single dish radio telescopes, I-R, U-V and X-ray telescopes • Advantages of large diameter telescopes |
9.2. Classification of stars | • Classification by luminosity • Absolute magnitude, M • Classification by temperature, black-body radiation • Principles of the use of stellar spectral classes • The Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram • Supernovae, neutron stars and black holes |
9.3. Cosmology | • Doppler effect • Hubble’s law • Quasars • Detection of exoplanets |
10. Medical physics
Syllabus component | Content |
---|---|
10.1. Physics of the eye | • Physics of vision • Defects of vision and their correction using lenses |
10.2. Physics of the ear | • Ear as a sound detection system • Sensitivity and frequency response • Defects of hearing |
10.3. Biological measurement | Simple ECG machines and the normal ECG waveform |
10.4. Non-ionising imaging | • Ultrasound imaging • Fibre optics and endoscopy • Magnetic resonance (MR) scanner |
10.5. X-ray imaging | • The physics of diagnostic X-rays • Image detection and enhancement • Absorption of X-rays • CT scanner |
10.6. Radionuclide imaging and therapy | • Imaging techniques • Half-life • Gamma camera • Use of high-energy X-rays • Use of radioactive implants • Imaging comparisons |
11. Engineering physics
Syllabus component | Content |
---|---|
11.1. Rotational dynamics | • Concept of moment of inertia • Rotational kinetic energy • Rotational motion • Torque and angular acceleration • Angular momentum • Work and power |
11.2. Thermodynamics and engines | • First law of thermodynamics • Non-flow processes • The p–V diagram • Engine cycles • Second Law and engines • Reversed heat engines |
12. Turning points in physics
Syllabus component | Content |
---|---|
12.1. The discovery of the electron | • Cathode rays • Thermionic emission of electrons • Specific charge of the electron • Principle of Millikan’s determination of the electronic charge, e |
12.2. Wave-particle duality | • Newton’s corpuscular theory of light • Significance of Young’s double slits experiment • Electromagnetic waves • The discovery of photoelectricity • Wave–particle duality • Electron microscopes |
12.3. Special relativity | • The Michelson-Morley experiment • Einstein’s theory of special relativity • Time dilation • Length contraction • Mass and energy |
13. Electronics
Syllabus component | Content |
---|---|
13.1. Discrete semiconductor devices | • MOSFET (metal-oxide semiconducting field-effect transistor) • Zener diode • Photodiode • Hall effect sensor |
13.2. Analogue and digital signals | • Difference between analogue and digital signals • Bits, bytes • Analogue-to-digital conversion • Pulse code modulation |
13.3. Analogue signal processing | • LC resonance filters • The ideal operational amplifier |
13.4. Operational amplifier in | • inverting amplifier configuration • non-inverting amplifier configuration • summing amplifier configuration Real operational amplifiers |
13.5. Digital signal processing | • Combinational logic • Sequential logic • Astables |
13.6. Data communication systems | • Principles of communication systems • Transmission media • Time-division multiplexing • Amplitude (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) techniques |
Assessment
Type of assessment | Questions | Final score | Weighting of final grade |
---|---|---|---|
Paper 1 | 60 marks of short and long answer questions and 25 multiple choice questions on content The questions cover the sections: 1. Measurements and their errors 2. Particles and radiation 3. Waves 4. Mechanics and materials 5. Electricity 6.1. Periodic Motion topic only | 85 marks | 34% of A-level |
Paper 2 | 60 marks of short and long answer questions and 25 multiple choice questions on content The questions cover the sections: 6.2. Thermal physics topic only 7. Fields and their consequences 8. Nuclear physics Assumed knowledge from sections: 1. Measurements and their errors 6.1. Periodic Motion topic only | 85 marks | 34% of A-level |
Paper 3 | 45 marks of short and long answer questions on practical experiments and data analysis. 35 marks of short and long answer questions on optional topic. Section A (Compulsory section): Practical skills and data analysis Section B: Students enter for one of sections: 9. Astrophysics 10. Medical physics 11. Engineering physics 12. Turning points in physics 13. Electronics | 80 marks | 32% of A-level |
Required practical activities
1. Investigate how the frequency of stationary waves on a string varies with length, tension, and mass per unit length.
2. Study interference effects, including Young’s slit experiment and interference by a diffraction grating.
3. Determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a free-fall method.
4. Determine the Young modulus using a simple method.
5. Measure the resistivity of a wire using a micrometer, ammeter, and voltmeter.
6. Investigate the emf and internal resistance of cells and batteries by measuring how the terminal potential difference varies with current.
7. Explore simple harmonic motion using a mass-spring system and a simple pendulum..
8. Investigate Boyle’s law (constant temperature) and Charles’s law (constant pressure) for a gas.
9. Investigate the charge and discharge of capacitors using log-linear plotting to determine the time constant (RC).
10. Investigate how the force on a wire varies with flux density, current, and length using a top pan balance.
11. Use a search coil and oscilloscope to study the effect of varying the angle between a search coil and the magnetic field direction on magnetic flux linkage.
12. Investigate the inverse-square law for gamma radiation.
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Weighting of assessment objectives for A-level Physics
Exams will assess students on the following objectives:
AO1: Demonstrate knowledge of scientific concepts and methods.
AO2: Apply knowledge in theoretical and practical contexts, and handle both qualitative and quantitative data.
AO3: Analyze and evaluate scientific information to make judgments, reach conclusions, and improve practical designs and procedures.
Assessment objectives AOs* | Paper 1 (%) | Paper 2 (%) | Paper 3 (%) | Total Weighting (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
AO1 | 34 | 32 | 31 | 33 |
AO2 | 38 | 53 | 35 | 42 |
AO3 | 28 | 15 | 32 | 25 |
Total weight of components | 34 | 34 | 32 | 100 |
Assessment weightings
Marks will be scaled to meet component weightings. Final marks are the sum of scaled component marks. Grade boundaries are set using total scaled marks.
Сomponent | Maximum raw mark | Scaling factor | Maximum scaled mark |
---|---|---|---|
Paper 1 | 85 | ×1 | 85 |
Paper 2 | 85 | ×1 | 85 |
Paper 3: Section A | 45 | ×1 | 45 |
Paper 3: Section В (Astrophysics – option) | 35 | ×1 | 35 |
Paper 3: Section В (Medical physics – option) | 35 | ×1 | 35 |
Paper 3: Section В (Engineering physics – option) | 35 | ×1 | 35 |
Paper 3: Section В (Turning points in physics – option) | 35 | ×1 | 35 |
Paper 3: Section В (Electronics – option) | 35 | ×1 | 35 |
Total scaled mark: | 250 |